Gauge



July l, 1930.

GAUGE Original Filed Oct. 9, 1924 iNvENTo/es A. F. SHORE ET Al. 1,768,639,

BY/a/Mw,

THEIR A TTORNE Y Patentes July 1, 1930 STATES Arrrnr ERT F. SHORE, OF NEW YORR,`AND` F. SHORE, OIE' FREEPORT, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS TO THE SHORE INSTRUMENT & MFG. CO., OF JAMAICA, NEW YORK, A.

vOctober 29, 1912, to William F. Shore, one

CORPORATION OF NEW YORK GAUGE Application led, October 9, 1924, Serial No. 742,516. Renewed November 23, 1929.

shown, described and claimed inv United -States Letters Patent N o. 1,042,721, granted of the joint-applicants herein. Said patent was directed to a gauge embodying indicatingmechanism adapted tobe actuated in different degrees in proportion to the penetration resistance or hardness of dierent materials tested thereby, the means employed therein for aiiecting said indicating mechanism, consisting of a casing carrying an indicating dial, and an external abutment through whichextends a movable measuring pin provided with a suitable indentingpoint, said pin acting against .a spring contained in the said casing, the dial lndications varying according to the amount of flexure communicated to the opposer spring as a result of the various degrees of compressive force opposed tothe resistance of said sprin The main object of the present invention 1s to provide mechanism of the class described which shall have improved means whereby the penetration resistance of different materials may be ascertained, such means including a plate-sprin or disk, preferably oblong, adapted to be a ected in proportion to the pressure exerted to indent materials to a predetermined degree.v

Another object of the invention is to provide multiplying levers ,located between and in operative relation with the plate-spring and indicating means, said levers being adapted for magnifying the minute varia- 'tions of movement of said vspring when the spring is subjected to various degrees of pressure to ascertain the actual or comparative penetration resistance of materials.

Still anotherl object of the invention is to provide means whereby all lost motion between the pressure point of the apparatus and the indicating dial is eliminated, thereby assuring instant readiness of response to pressures and. accurate indication of such l pressures.

The above-mentioned and other objects of the invention not hereinbefore referred to t will be hereinafter described and claimed and are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, of our improved gauge, the indicating means whereof is shown as a standard micrometer gauge, such as is commonly employed for indicating fractions of an inch or milimeter;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same, in

full and dotted lines, showing the location of the principal operati-ng parts of the gau e; and

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are detail views of the indentor-bar, partly broken away, and showing a ball-shaped point, a conical point and a frustrum, respectively, at the lower end thereof. v n

Referring to the drawing, our improved gauge is to be used with a pressure-clamp or support (not shown) having a pinion 3 mounted thereon; 4 deslgnates arack on the slide-bar 5; 6 a casing, preferably rectangular, attached to said slide-bar 5. The casing 6 is provided at' its lower end with an internally-threaded hollow boss 6. An externally-threaded sleeve 6 is shownwithin and -in adjustable relation with the boss 6. It will be noted that the sleeve 6" is provided with a graduated scale 6 for permitting calculated adjustments thereof lin the boss 6. After the adjustments have thus been made, the sleeve is held firmly in the ,boss by the set-screw 7. The said sleeve is also provided with an abutment-stop 7 at its lower end. Slidable within the sleeve 6 `is an indentorbar 7 provided at its upper end with a comparatively-at compensating inner contacthead 7 and at its lower end with an indentor-point 8. A shoulder 8 on said indentorbar 7 isadapted to limit longitudinal movement of the bar in the sleeve 6. A coiled spring 8 is shown interposed between the lshoulder 8 and a shoulderon the interior of 1 rigid bearing-plate 9, the latter being provided with knife-edge bearings 9 for said spring 8. The plate 9 rests against the internal stop shoulders 10 on opposite sides of the casing. A leaf-spring 11 is interposed between the ioor of the casing and the plates riner 8' for holdin the latter against the P e g knife-edge bearings 9 of the plate 9.

For magnifying the'substantially microscopic movements communicated to the platespring 8 by the indentor-bar 7 ",during the making of a test, we provide the ollowing arrangement of parts, to wit:

'A multiplying-lever 12, pivoted at 13 is -provided with a countersunk ortion 14, which portion engages the upper point of the transmitter-pin 15, the lower end of said pin resting upon the upper surface of the platespring 8". The transmitter-pin 15 extends through an opening in the central portion of the bearing-plate 9 and which central portion is provided with a projection 9" having an opening and through which the said pin also extends. A toothed sector 16 on the end of the` lever 12 is adapted to engage a pinion 17 pivoted on the pin 18. To the pinion 17 is attached a second multiplying-lever 19. A light spring 20 serves to press said second lever 19 down against the action of the lever 12 and also against the action of the springs 8', 11 and 8". .A hollow boss 21 on the upper end of the casing 6 permits attachment thereto of a standard micrometer 22 or its equivalent.

The operation of the apparatus'is as follows:

Having' ascertained the proper projecting i length of theindentor-point 8 from the abutsating means.

ment-stop 7., the apparatus is pressed down on the substance, the penetration vresistance or hardness of which is'to be ascertained, whereupon the indentor-point 8, mounted in the indentor-bar 7 will be pressed upward or inward until the 'abutment-stop' rests upon the substance, material, or metal under test. At the same time, the upper end 7 of the indentor-bar 7 will be pressed upward or inward against the stii' plate-spring 8', this pressure depending upon the amount of penetration resistance of the material or metal under test. Inasmuch as the hardness of the hardest metals is so much' greater than the softer group, it wouldbe diiiicult t i include the entire range on one dial of a sl all portable instrument, without some compen- That is to say: in order to ob'- tain an equal amount of discrimination on the dead soft material, a correspondingly soft spring would preferably be used, while for the lfull hard, materials or metals, a correspondingly stiffer or strongerV spring would preferably be used. This compensation is obtained by the use of the comparatively-flat contact-head 7', which forms part of the indentor-bar 7 By proportioning the plate-spring 8 approximately as shown in the drawing, the said spring will have a higher ibre stress or be somewhat weaker at the middle or at a point intermediate its ends, and hence the point of contact of the" contact- -head 7 will widen more and more as the plate-spring 8 lexes and conforms with it under pressure of the indentor-bar-T, thus shortening the outer ends of the plate-spring 8 and at the same time stiiening the said ends.

type is preferably used because of the substantially microscopic movements communicated thereto, which are, nevertheless, the direct result of extremely high pressures. All bend'- ing movements thus set up in the spring 8 It is to be understood that a spring of this 'asA ing-lever 19, and thence to the micrometerindicator 22. The micrometer registers on the indicatingscale 25 the movements communicated to the movable pointer 24 when suitable -mechanism' (not shown) is actuated by the movements of the multiplying or magnifying levers 12 and 19 and plunger 26 and which levers are actuated during the making of a test for ascertaining or establishing the penetration resistance or hardness of the partielllar material, metal or substance under'. test. The plunger 26 is provided with a pointed lower end 27, and which rests upon, and is actuated by the second multiplying-lever 19. The plunger 26 is surrounded by a sleeve 28 in the hollow boss 21 at the 1pper part of the casing 6. All lost motion is eliminated and a perfect readiness of response secured by the employment of a light spring (not shown) within the micrometer 22 in conjunction with the'light spring 20 pressing against the springs 8 and 8 through the two multiplying-levers 12 and 19 and the centeringpin 15. y

In thedevice described, readings are taken while the pressure at the abutment-stop 7 and the indentor-point 8 is being applied. When such pressure is removed the indentorpoint 8 will return to itsinitial-projecting position. It is to be understood that we do not limit ourselves to the .exact or precise form of construction shown in the drawing and described specifically herein; thus, the indentor-point ,8 may be ball-shaped, conical or a frustrum ca y standard micrometer-gauge of greater multiplying power or sensitivity, the ultimate object belng to indicate as accurately as possible the magnification of the small or even microscopic movements communicated to the plate-spring 8.

What we claim is:

1. In a gauge, the combination of a casing, a hollow abutment-stop carried thereby, an indentor-bar adapted for upward and downward movement within said abutment'- stop, said indentor-bar having a contact-head at its upper end and an indentor-point at its lower end, a rigid bearing a plate having knife-edge bearings, a plate-spring engaging said knife-edge bearings and also engaginfr the contact-head of the indentor-bar, a lea' spring interposed between the plate-spring and the floor of the casing, and means adapted to magnify the movements of the indentorbar and the plate-spring, respectively'.

2. Itn a device for measuring the hardness of substances, the combination of a casing nlfy the movements of the indentor-bar and the' rigid plate-sprin adapted to press saigri the plate-spring, respectively, an auxiliary spring for pressing the indentor-bar against and a leaf spring rigid plate-s vring against the knife-edge bearings of the gearlng-plate. l

3. In a device for measuring the penetration resistance of substances, the combination .of a casing having an internally-threaded boss, anexternally-threaded sleeve in threaded engagement with said' boss, said sleeve having a hollow abutment-stop at its lower end, an indentor-bar adapted for movement up and down in said sleeve,said indentorbar having a contact-head and an indentorpoint-on its upper and lower ends, respectively, a strong plate-spring adapted to oppose the upward movement of the indentorbar when the latter is under pressure, means for adjusting the position of said, sleeve r'elatively to the point of the indentor-bar a spring for holding the indentor-bar against the plate-s ring, a rigid bearing member having kni distance apart and ono posite sides of said bearing member, a lea -spring adapted -to bearings on sald bearing-platev e-edges spaced a predetermined hold said plate-sprin against the knife-edges of said bearing mem er, and means for mag-j nifying the .movements of the indentor-bar and the plate-spring, respectivel 4'. In a device for measuring t e' penetration resistance of hard substances, the' combination of a casing having an internallythreaded boss, an externally-threaded sleeve mounted therein 4and provided with an abutment-stop at the lower end thereof, a set-screw for holding the sleeve firmly in the boss, an indentor-bar freely movablev up and down in said sleevehaving a contact-headand an indentor-point, a strong plate-spring to be engaged by the contact-head and adapt- `-`ed to resist the inward movement of the 1ndentor-bar when the indentor-point thereof is under pressure, means for permitting adjustment of said sleeve relatively to the indentor-bar, a spring adapted to hold thesaid indentor-bar in contact-with edges on opposite sides thereof, said bearing member having a projection at its central portion and an opening through. said por-1 projection, a spring adapted to hold A ond lever and also adapted to exert a mild pressure upon the first'lever, the connectingpin and the said plate-spring.

5. In apparatus for measuring the pene tration resistance of substances, the combination of a casing having an internally threaded boss and internal stop-shoillders,

an externally-threaded adjustable sleeve proj ecting from the boss of the casing, said sleeve having graduations thereon a d also having an abutment-stop at the lower end of said sleeve, the latter being also provided with a stop-shoulder for limitin the upward movement of the sleeve and a apted to coact with the boss of the casing when the said stop-shoulder comes into contact therewith an indentor-bar adapted for .inward `and outward movement, respectively, in said` sleeve, said indentor-bar having a comparatively-flat contact-head and a sharp point at its inner and outer highly-resistant plate-spring to be engaged by the contact-head and adapted to oppose thev inward movement ofthe indentor-bar when the latter is under pressure, a stiff bearing-plate for said spring, saidbearing-plate having knife-edges spaced a predetermined distance apart and on opposite sides thereof, and means Afor magnifying the movements the plate-spring,- I a fixed bearing member provided with knifee opening of I ends, respectively, a *I an adjustable sleeve mounted in said-lower tures.

of the indentor-bar and plate-spring, respectively. l

6. In a device for measuring the hardness of substances, having internal stop-shoulders on opposite sides thereof and hollow projecting bosses at the upper and lower ends thereof, said lower boss having internal screw-threads,

boss and having external screw-threads and external graduations, a `movable indentorbar adapted for upward and downward movement in the adjustable sleeve, said indentorbar being provided with a comparatively-flat compensating contact-head at its upper end and a sharp point at its lower end, a strong plate-spring to be engaged by the contacthead and normally holding the point said of indentor-bar in a protruding position from the end of the sleeve, and means for magnifying the movements of the indentor-bar and plate-spring, respectively.

7. In a device for measuring the hardness of substances, the combination ofa casing having a hollow projecting boss thereon, an adjustable sleeve mounted in said boss and having graduations thereon, an indentorbar movable up and down in said sleeve, said indentor-bar having afcomparatively flat compensating contact-head and also having an indentor-point, a strong plate-spring to be engaged by the contact-head and adapted to hold the point of said indentor-bar in a position protruding from said sleeve., and means for magnifying the movements of the indentor-bar and its opposing plate-spring.

8. In a device for measuring the hardness of substances, the vcombination of a casing having internal stop-shoulders on opposite sides thereof and hollow projecting bosses at the upper and lower ends of the casing, said lower boss having internal screw-threads and said upper boss having a sleeve surrounding a plunger, an adjustable sleeve mounted in said lower boss, said sleeve having external screw-threads and external graduations, a movable indentor-bar adapted for upward and downward movement in said sleeve, said indentor-bar having a sharp point at its lower end and a comparatively fiat top at its upper end, a plate-spring adapted to oppose the' upward movement of the indentor-bar, and means for magnifying the movements of the indentor-bar and the plate-spring, respectively. y

In testimony whereof we aiiix our signa- ALBERT E. sHoRE.

WILLIAM E.4 sHoRE.

the combination ofa casing' 

